1,500 research outputs found

    DEBARDIEUX, Éric, La violence dans la classe

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    Apprendre Ă  dialoguer avec des Ă©lĂšves : le cas des dialogues philosophiques

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    International audienceL'article procĂšde Ă  l'Ă©tude de cas d'un dialogue philosophique tenu entre une enseignante et ses Ă©lĂšves de cours moyen 2Ăšme annĂ©e. L'Ă©tude des propos, conduite en suivant les principes de la logique interlocutoire, rĂ©vĂšle que la construction des thĂšmes et l'organisation cognitive de l'ensemble des propos sont soumises aux rĂšgles classiques d'engendrement des cognitions par la conversation. Le dĂ©ploiement des cognitions, ici Ă  portĂ©e philosophique, dĂ©pendent des savoir-faire, experts contrastĂ©s avec non expert, de l'enseignant pour placer l'Ă©mergence de propos intĂ©ressant sou la dĂ©pendance de conditions prĂ©paratoire. Or l'expertise sert Ă  ce niveau, dĂ©cisivement. Sans cela, les propos des Ă©lĂšves peuvent ĂȘtre mal ou pas exploitĂ©s

    The Review of Economic Performance and Social Progress 2001: The Longest Decade: Canada in the 1990s

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    In this chapter, Daniel Schwanen addresses the impact of the major trade liberalization efforts undertaken by Canada and its trading partners beginning with the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in 1989. The author focuses in particular on the question of whether liberalized trade could have been a factor behind the emergence of greater inequalities in Canada in the 1990s. The author divides Canadian manufacturing industries into five groups according to their sensitivity to trade liberalization in the 1990s and to the direction taken by exports and imports following the opening of trade. Schwanen concludes from this exercise that more open trade may have contributed to inequalities in Canada, by favoring certain groups already doing relatively well, while being unfavourable to many less-skilled and lesser-paid groups.Trade, Inequality, Manufacturing, Canada, FTA, NAFTA, Free Trade, Free-trade, Trade Liberalization, Free Trade Agreements, United States, US, U.S.

    Philosophical Reflection and Cooperative Practices in an Elementary School Mathematics Classroom

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    Following Matthew Lipman (Lipman, 1991; Lipman, Sharp, & Oscanyan, 1980), we introduced philosophical dialogue (PD) about mathematics in an elementary school to help pupils consider mathematical and meta-mathematical matters. This article describes the social and cognitive activity when pupils engage in PD and some pedagogical conditions necessary to foster the development of PD. Changes in pupils’ discussions from the begin- ning to the end of the test period showed that the dynamic evolved from monological exchanges to dialogical exchanges. Whereas early pupil responses could be characterized mainly as simple answers, later responses displayed more lower-order and even higher- order thinking skills. The data suggest that for PD about mathematics to develop, the teacher must be proficient in the role of mediator. À la suite de Matthew Lipman (Lipman, 1991; Lipman, Sharp et Oscanyan, 1980), les auteurs ont introduit le dialogue philosophique (DP) dans une Ă©cole primaire afin d’aider les Ă©lĂšves Ă  rĂ©flĂ©chir aux questions d’ordre mathĂ©matique et mĂ©ta-mathĂ©matique. Cet article dĂ©crit l’activitĂ© sociale et cognitive Ă  laquelle donne lieu le DP ainsi que certaines des conditions pĂ©dagogiques qui doivent ĂȘtre rĂ©unies pour favoriser le dĂ©veloppement du DP. L’analyse des discussions des Ă©lĂšves du dĂ©but Ă  la fin de la pĂ©riode d’essai a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une Ă©volution de la dynamique, des Ă©changes monologiques aux Ă©changes dialogiques. Si en premier les Ă©lĂšves donnent de simples rĂ©ponses, par la suite ils dĂ©montrent des capa- citĂ©s de raisonnement Ă©lĂ©mentaires et mĂȘme de plus haut niveau. Ces donnĂ©es semblent indiquer que pour que le DP au sujet de la mathĂ©matique se dĂ©veloppe, l’enseignant doit devenir un mĂ©diateur efficace.

    Philosophical Reflection and Cooperative Practices in an Elementary School Mathematics Classroom

    Get PDF
    Following Matthew Lipman (Lipman, 1991; Lipman, Sharp, & Oscanyan, 1980), we introduced philosophical dialogue (PD) about mathematics in an elementary school to help pupils consider mathematical and meta-mathematical matters. This article describes the social and cognitive activity when pupils engage in PD and some pedagogical conditions necessary to foster the development of PD. Changes in pupils’ discussions from the begin- ning to the end of the test period showed that the dynamic evolved from monological exchanges to dialogical exchanges. Whereas early pupil responses could be characterized mainly as simple answers, later responses displayed more lower-order and even higher- order thinking skills. The data suggest that for PD about mathematics to develop, the teacher must be proficient in the role of mediator. À la suite de Matthew Lipman (Lipman, 1991; Lipman, Sharp et Oscanyan, 1980), les auteurs ont introduit le dialogue philosophique (DP) dans une Ă©cole primaire afin d’aider les Ă©lĂšves Ă  rĂ©flĂ©chir aux questions d’ordre mathĂ©matique et mĂ©ta-mathĂ©matique. Cet article dĂ©crit l’activitĂ© sociale et cognitive Ă  laquelle donne lieu le DP ainsi que certaines des conditions pĂ©dagogiques qui doivent ĂȘtre rĂ©unies pour favoriser le dĂ©veloppement du DP. L’analyse des discussions des Ă©lĂšves du dĂ©but Ă  la fin de la pĂ©riode d’essai a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une Ă©volution de la dynamique, des Ă©changes monologiques aux Ă©changes dialogiques. Si en premier les Ă©lĂšves donnent de simples rĂ©ponses, par la suite ils dĂ©montrent des capa- citĂ©s de raisonnement Ă©lĂ©mentaires et mĂȘme de plus haut niveau. Ces donnĂ©es semblent indiquer que pour que le DP au sujet de la mathĂ©matique se dĂ©veloppe, l’enseignant doit devenir un mĂ©diateur efficace.

    La nécessaire praxis de la pensée et du dialogue critiques en classe

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    Dans ce texte, je m’appuierai sur les thĂšses des philosophes pragmatistes de l’éducation, ainsi que sur des rĂ©sultats de recherche empiriques pour prĂ©senter la notion de pensĂ©e critique et je soulĂšverai des questionnements issus de la littĂ©rature scientifique : la pensĂ©e critique est-elle un produit ou un processus ? Son dĂ©veloppement suppose-t-il des apprentissages rĂ©versibles ou non ? Quels sont les obstacles au dĂ©veloppement d’une telle pensĂ©e ? Etc. Finalement, je prĂ©senterai des distinctions entre des Ă©lĂ©ments associĂ©s aux compĂ©tences discursives, notamment la narration, la conversation, la discussion, le dialogue simple et critique.In this paper, I will first present the pragmatist conception of “responsible education”; which has its foundations in the interrelation between experience, communication and critical reflection. Then, I will question critical thinking as it is manifested by pupils: Is it a product or a process? Does its development presuppose irreversible stages? What are the obstacles to its mobilization? Finally, I will present distinctions between elements associated with discursive competencies, namely: narration, conversation, discussion, non-critical dialogue and critical dialogue

    Children and youth perceive smoking messages in an unbranded advertisement from a NIKE marketing campaign: a cluster randomised controlled trial

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>How youth perceive marketing messages in sports is poorly understood. We evaluated whether youth perceive that the imagery of a specific sports marketing advertisement contained smoking-related messages.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty grade 7 to 11 classes (397 students) from two high schools in Montréal, Canada were recruited to participate in a cluster randomised single-blind controlled trial. Classes were randomly allocated to either a NIKE advertisement containing the phrase 'LIGHT IT UP' (n = 205) or to a neutral advertisement with smoking imagery reduced and the phrase replaced by 'GO FOR IT' (n = 192). The NIKE logo was removed from both advertisements. Students responded in class to a questionnaire asking open-ended questions about their perception of the messages in the ad. Reports relating to the appearance and text of the ad, and the product being promoted were evaluated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Relative to the neutral ad, more students reported that the phrase 'LIGHT IT UP' was smoking-related (37.6% vs. 0.5%) and that other parts of the ad resembled smoking-related products (50.7% vs. 10.4%). The relative risk of students reporting that the NIKE ad promoted cigarettes was 4.41 (95% confidence interval: 2.64-7.36; P < 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The unbranded imagery of an advertisement in a specific campaign aimed at promoting NIKE hockey products appears to have contained smoking-related messages. This particular marketing campaign may have promoted smoking. This suggests that the regulation of marketing to youth may need to be more tightly controlled.</p
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